Unexpected fact: By October 2023, the initiative extended to 151 countries, representing around $41 trillion in GDP and about 5.1 billion people — a scale that reshaped global trade routes. The term “facilities connectivity” here means how Beijing funded and built cross-border systems: ports, rail, and digital links that knit regions together. This opening section summarizes what was intended between …
Regional Financial Hubs in Belt and Road Facilities Connectivity and Financial Integration







